Terpenoid metabolism

Terpenoids are produced from the 5-carbon isoprene units, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. The pathway which produces the 5-carbon isoprene units is absent is Cryptosporidium species and need to be acquired from host. Terpenoids are used as precursors for production of sterols and steroids in animals. Some proteins have terpenoid moieties attached to them in order to enhance their attachment to membranes. This pathway produces polyprenyl pyrophosphate, undecaprenyl pyrophosphate and prenylated proteins such as S-geranylgeranyl protein as the end products of the pathway. This pathway is identical to the pathways of Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii.

 

Enzyme EC Number Gene id
Methyltransferase, MiaB 2.1.1.- TP04_0588
Farnesylpyrophosphate synthase (Dimethylallyl-PP transferase/Geranyl transferase) 2.5.1.1; 2.5.1.10 TP03_0857
Protein farnesyltransferase 2.5.1.29; 2.5.1.58 TP02_0810
trans-pentaprenyltranstransferase/trans-hexaprenyltranstransferase/trans-octaprenyltranstransferase 2.5.1.30; 2.5.1.82; 2.5.1.84 TP03_0238
di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase 2.5.1.31 TP03_0421
Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I 2.5.1.59 TP03_0500
Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type II 2.5.1.60 TP04_0873
tRNA isopentenyltransferase 2.5.1.75 TP01_0445
Inorganic diphosphatase 3.6.1.1 TP02_0061

 

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Sources and fates of metabolites

 

Substrate Source pathways Product Fate pathways
S-adenosylmethionine Methionine metabolism S-adenosylhomocysteine Methionine metabolism
Dimethylallyl-PP Isoprenoids metabolism    
Isopentenyl-PP Isoprenoids metabolism