Terpenoid metabolism

Terpenoids are produced from the 5-carbon isoprene units, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate (isoprenoids metabolism). Terpenoids are used as precursors for production of sterols and steroids in animals. Some proteins have terpenoid moieties attached to them in order to enhance their attachment to membranes. This pathway produces polyprenyl pyrophosphate, undecaprenyl pyrophosphate and prenylated proteins such as S-geranylgeranyl protein as the end products of the pathway. This pathway is identical to terpenoid metabolism pathway in MPMP and all enzymes annotated in Plasmodium falciparum genome have orthologs in Toxoplasma gondii.

 

Enzyme EC Number Gene id Protein localisation Localisation data source
Methyltransferase, MiaB 2.1.1.- TGME49_273140    
Protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase 2.1.1.100 TGME49_306470 Membrane GO annotation
Farnesylpyrophosphate synthase (Dimethylallyl-PP transferase/Geranyl transferase) 2.5.1.1; 2.5.1.10 TGME49_224490    
Protein farnesyltransferase 2.5.1.29; 2.5.1.58 TGME49_200370    
trans-pentaprenyltranstransferase/trans-hexaprenyltranstransferase/trans-octaprenyltranstransferase 2.5.1.30; 2.5.1.82; 2.5.1.84 TGME49_269430    
di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase 2.5.1.31 TGME49_316770    
Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I 2.5.1.59 TGME49_316270    
Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type II 2.5.1.60 TGME49_214170 Plasma membrane Previous publication
Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type II 2.5.1.60 TGME49_278230    
tRNA isopentenyltransferase 2.5.1.75 TGME49_312520    
Inorganic diphosphatase 3.6.1.1 TGME49_283830 Peroxisome Previous publication

 

Open in a new window

 

 

Sources and fates of metabolites

 

Substrate Source pathways Product Fate pathways
S-adenosylmethionine Methionine metabolism S-adenosylhomocysteine Methionine metabolism
Dimethylallyl-PP Isoprenoids metabolism Farnesyl-PP N-glycan biosynthesis
Isopentenyl-PP Isoprenoids metabolism