Ubiquinone metabolism
Ubiquinone, also known as coenzyme Q is an integral component of electron transport chain. In electron transport chain of inner mitochondrial membrane, ubiquinone acts as an electron carrier transferring electrons from NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) to cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III). Ubiquinone is synthesised from chorimsate, end product of shikimate pathway in nine enzyme-catalysed reactions. The other important co-substrates involved in this pathway are glutamine, isoprenoids (terpenoid metabolism) and S-adenosyl methionine (methionine metabolism). This pathway is identical between Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum and the enzymes missing in the genomes of both species are oxo-acid lyase and 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase.
Protein | EC Number | Gene id | Protein localisation | Localisation data source |
---|---|---|---|---|
FAD-dependent monooxygenase (Ubiquinone biosynthesis monooxygenase) | 1.14.13.- | TGME49_232540 | Mitochondria | Previous publication |
UbiB Hydroxylase (2-octaprenylphenol hydroxylase) | 1.14.13.- | TGME49_246600 | Mitochondrion | Previous publication |
Ubiquinone/menaquinone biosynthesis methyltransferase | 2.1.1.- | TGME49_247920 | ||
Ubiquinone/menaquinone biosynthesis methyltransferase | 2.1.1.- | TGME49_255670 | ||
Ubiquinone/menaquinone biosynthesis methyltransferase | 2.1.1.- | TGME49_295690 | ||
3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-O-methyltransferase | 2.1.1.64 | TGME49_249010 | Nucleus | Previous publication |
3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-O-methyltransferase | 2.1.1.64 | TGME49_266850 | ||
p-hydroxybenzoate-polyprenyltransferase | 2.5.1.- | TGME49_259130 | ||
3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase | 4.1.1.- | Missing in annotation | ||
Oxo-acid lyase | 4.3.1.- | Missing in annotation | ||
ABC1 protein required for ubiquinone biosynthesis | none | TGME49_203940 | Nucleus | Previous publication |
Coq4 | none | TGME49_275980 |
Sources and fates of metabolites
Substrate | Source pathways | Product | Fate pathways |
---|---|---|---|
Chorismate | Shikimate biosynthesis | Pyruvate | Pyruvate metabolism, Alanine metabolism |
Glutamine | Glutamate metabolism | Glutamate | Glutamate metabolism |
All-trans-Geranyl-Geranyl-PP | Terpenoid metabolism | ||
S-adenosylmethionine | Methionine metabolism | S-adenosylhomocysteine | Methionine metabolism |
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