CoA biosynthesis
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an important cofactor (acyl-chain carrier) for many cellular functions including the citrate cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenate is the precursor for CoA biosynthesis. Pantothenate synthesis takes place in plants, fungi and some bacteria, whereas animals salvage pantothenate from diet and CoA biosynthesis from pantothenate is present in most organisms. Plasmodium falciparum utilises pantothenate from host and converts it to CoA, whereas Toxoplasma gondii possesses the four enzymes required for the generation of pantothenate from the branched chain amino acid valine. Piroplasma species possess the ability to synthesise CoA from pantothenate, but cannot synthesise pantothenate de novo. The enzymes pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase and holo-[ACP] synthase are missing in the gene models of all three Piroplasma species.
Enzyme | EC Number | Gene id |
---|---|---|
Dephospho-CoA kinase | 2.7.1.24 | Missing in annotation |
Pantothenate kinase | 2.7.1.33 | TA08490 |
Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase | 2.7.7.3 | Missing in annotation |
Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase | 2.7.8.7 | Missing in annotation |
Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase | 4.1.1.36 | TA14440 |
Phosphopantothenate-cysteine ligase | 6.3.2.5 | TA12810 |
Apo-Acyl carrier protein | none | TA14690 |
Sources and fates of metabolites
Substrate | Source pathways | Product | Fate pathways |
---|---|---|---|
Pantothenate | Host | CoA | Pyruvate metabolism, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle |
Methylene-THF | Recycling of folate | THF | Recycling of folate |
Cysteine | Host |
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