Proline metabolism
Proline is a non essential amino acid which is de novo synthesised from glutamate (glutamate metabolism pathway) in Toxoplasma gondii [1]. This pathway shows the enzymes that catalyse the conversion of proline into 4-hydroxy-L-proline and ornithine. The absence of the enzyme arginase (converts arginine into ornithine) in T. gondii has led to the shortening of arginine and proline metabolism pathway in MPMP to proline metabolism pathway here. Although the activities of enzymes catalysing conversion of arginine to carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine were experimentally demonstrated [2], the genes for those enzymes were not identified (refer to methionine metabolism for more details).
Enzyme | EC Number | Gene id | Protein localisation | Localisation data source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Proline hydroxylase | 1.14.11.2 | TGME49_221270 | ||
Proline hydroxylase | 1.14.11.2 | TGME49_290920 | Nucleus | Previous publication |
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase | 1.5.1.2 | TGME49_236070 | Extracellular? | Previous publication |
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase | 1.5.1.2 | TGME49_271610 | Apicoplast | Previous publication |
Proline dehydrogenase | 1.5.99.8 | TGME49_202340 | ||
Ornithine aminotransferase | 2.6.1.13 | TGME49_269110 | ||
Pro-tRNA ligase | 6.1.1.15 | TGME49_219850 | Cytosol | Apiloc; Previous publication |
List of genes annotated as tRNA-Pro in Toxoplasma gondii genome
TGME49_024500 | TGME49_025024 | TGME49_032070 | TGME49_059938 |
TGME49_069790 | TGME49_070180 | TGME49_085960 | TGME49_086265 |
TGME49_097990 | TGME49_098000 | TGME49_099825 | TGME49_100631 |
TGME49_121320 |
Sources and fates of metabolites
Substrate | Source pathways | Product | Fate pathways |
---|---|---|---|
Proline | Glutamate metabolism | 4-hydroxy-L-proline | ? |
2-oxoglutarate | Pyruvate metabolism, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle | Succinate | Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle |
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