Terpenoid metabolism

Terpenoids are produced from the 5-carbon isoprene units, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate (isoprenoids metabolism). Terpenoids are used as precursors for production of sterols and steroids in animals. Some proteins have terpenoid moieties attached to them in order to enhance their attachment to membranes. This pathway produces polyprenyl pyrophosphate, undecaprenyl pyrophosphate and prenylated proteins such as S-geranylgeranyl protein as the end products of the pathway. This pathway is identical in Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum.

 

Enzyme EC Number Gene id
Methyltransferase, MiaB 2.1.1.- NCLIV_034370
Protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase 2.1.1.100

NCLIV_044660

(Incorrect gene model - It is fused to the upstream bromodomain containing protein)
Farnesylpyrophosphate synthase (Dimethylallyl-PP transferase/Geranyl transferase) 2.5.1.1; 2.5.1.10 NCLIV_048200
Protein farnesyltransferase 2.5.1.29; 2.5.1.58 NCLIV_038220
trans-pentaprenyltranstransferase/trans-hexaprenyltranstransferase/trans-octaprenyltranstransferase 2.5.1.30; 2.5.1.82; 2.5.1.84 NCLIV_036980
di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase 2.5.1.31 NCLIV_059180
Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I 2.5.1.59 NCLIV_058780
Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type II 2.5.1.60 NCLIV_051410
Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type II 2.5.1.60 NCLIV_067780
tRNA isopentenyltransferase 2.5.1.75 NCLIV_056050
Inorganic diphosphatase 3.6.1.1 NCLIV_028850

 

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Sources and fates of metabolites

 

Substrate Source pathways Product Fate pathways
S-adenosylmethionine Methionine metabolism S-adenosylhomocysteine Methionine metabolism
Dimethylallyl-PP Isoprenoids metabolism Farnesyl-PP N-glycan biosynthesis
Isopentenyl-PP Isoprenoids metabolism