CoA biosynthesis
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an important cofactor (acyl-chain carrier) for many cellular functions including the citrate cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenate is the precursor for CoA biosynthesis. Pantothenate synthesis takes place in plants, fungi and some bacteria, whereas animals salvage pantothenate from diet and CoA biosynthesis from pantothenate is present in most organisms. Plasmodium falciparum utilises pantothenate from host and converts it to CoA, whereas Toxoplasma gondii possesses the four enzymes required for the generation of pantothenate from the branched chain amino acid valine. Cryptosporidium species possess the ability to synthesise CoA from pantothenate, but cannot synthesise pantothenate de novo. Of the enzymes involved in the conversion of pantothenate to CoA, pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase is missing in gene models of all three Cryptosporidium species.
Enzyme | EC Number | Gene id |
---|---|---|
Dephospho-CoA kinase | 2.7.1.24 | Chro.20045 |
Pantothenate kinase | 2.7.1.33 | Chro.70552 |
Pantothenate kinase | 2.7.1.33 | Chro.80038 |
Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase | 2.7.7.3 | Missing in annotation |
Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase | 2.7.8.7 | Chro.80544 |
Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase | 4.1.1.36 | Chro.30116 |
Phosphopantothenate-cysteine ligase | 6.3.2.5 | Chro.40256 |
Apo-Acyl carrier protein | none | Missing in annotation |
Sources and fates of metabolites
Substrate | Source pathways | Product | Fate pathways |
---|---|---|---|
Pantothenate | Host | CoA | Pyruvate metabolism |
Methylene-THF | Recycling of folate | THF | Recycling of folate |
Cysteine | Host |
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